Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Symmetric Lifting Motion Prediction Models: A Case Study

Abstract Symmetric lifting is a common manual material handling strategy in daily life and the main cause of low back pain. In literature, symmetric mainly simulated by using two-dimensional (2D) models because their simplicity computational cost. practice, however, can generate asymmetric kinetics especially when weight heavy based on 2D misses this important information. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) are necessary for simulation to capture kinetics. The purpose single-subject case study compare optimization formulations results 3D human identify pros cons. study, 10-degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) skeletal model 40-DOFs employed predict maximum motion, respectively. problem formulated as multi-objective (MOO) minimize dynamic effort maximize box weight. An inverse approach used determine optimal motion considering joint strength. Lab experiments carried out validate predicted motions. ground reaction forces (GRFs), from Subject #8 compared with experimental data. Recommendations given.